Decoration of Mongolian Yurt
from Mongolia
Furniture and other accessories
Traditional ornamental patterns are the primary form of decoration in the Mongolian yurt and on furniture, books, clothing and other objects. The Mongols traditionally do not select patterns according to their independent tastes, but rather use variations of prescribed sacred ornaments with auspicious symbolism.
Symbols representing strength are among the most common, including the khas (swastika) and four powerful beasts (lion, tiyurt, garuda and dragon), as well as stylized representations of the five elements (fire, water, earth, metal, and wood), considered to be the fundamental, unchanging elements of the cosmos. Such patterns are commonly used in the home with the belief that they will bring strength and offer protection. The most powerful symbol - and also one of the most sacred images - is the dragon, which is reserved for the most valuable of objects, and is particularly associated with the clothing of lords and kings prior to the 20th century.
Patterns used in embroidery of bedcovers and tablecloths can be of a more purely ornamental nature, including patterns of flowers, butterflies or other symbols of beauty.
Geometric patterns are also commonly used. The most widely-used geometric pattern is the continuous "hammer" or "walking" pattern (alkhan khee), which represents unending movement and permanent strength, commonly employed as a border decoration on containers, doors, furniture and so on. The pattern is usually square, but can also be seen in round or semi-circular variations. The alkhan khee is known to have been used in decorating pottery as early as the Bronze Age.
The ulzii pattern is a symbol of long life and happiness. There are more than fifty variations of this pattern, in single or multiple forms.
The khas figure dates back to the Kidan Empire or earlier. It has many variations, including the tumen nast ("abundant life") pattern, symbolizing unending and continuous life.
Here are some samples of the patterns you will find back on the wooden structure and on the cotton covers of the yurt:
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The khamar ugalz ("nose pattern") and ever ugalz ("horn pattern") are derived from the shape of the animal's nose and horns, and are the oldest traditional patterns indigenous to the prehistoric nomads of Central Asia. They and other animal patterns are used extensively in felt embroidery.
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© Daka 2000 - 2008
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